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Innovative Solutions Bead Selection Guide
Innovative
Solutions offers regular and RNase free bulk beads in four material
types and diameters ranging from 0.1 to 4.8 mm to suit all your
homogenization needs. Innovative
Solutions has a Standard Library of homogenization protocols for most
applications that will save you time selecting bead size and type. Click the INFO button to request additional information.
If
your application is not on the standard list, or you need to customize
your protocol, you can easily determine bead size and type. Choosing the right bead for your application is based on three features relating entirely to your samples - Tissue Toughness, Tissue Size, and Sample Mass. These features and how they relate to bead selection are discussed below.
Tissue Toughness (Bead Type)
Tissue toughness relates directly to required bead density - a function of the bead material type. Bead material types are arranged in the table below in order of increasing density. Softer samples can use lower density beads, but tougher samples require higher bead density for homogenization.
Glass
| Zirconium
Silicate
| Zirconium
Oxide
| Stainless
Steel
| 2.5
g/cc
| 3.8
g/cc
| 5.5
g/cc
| 7.9
g/cc
| Low Density
| Medium
Low Density
| Medium
High Density
| High Density
| Use for
Soft Samples
| >>> | >>> | Use for
Tough Samples
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Tissue Size (Bead Diameter)
Tissue size relates directly to the required bead diameter. Select the bead size proportional to your samples size - the larger the sample the larger the bead diameter.* When your samples are very small as in cell culture, use our smallest beads (0.1 - 0.2 mm). If your samples contain large chunks of tissue, use our larger beads (
≥ 1.0 mm).
* 1.6 mm diameter beads are the maximum recommended size for use in microcentrifuge tubes.
Small
Diameter
| Large
Diameter
| |
≤ 0.2
mm
|
≥ 1.0 mm
| Use for
Smaller
Samples
| Use for
Larger
Samples |
Sample Mass (Bead Amount)
The amount of beads you need per tube depends on the mass of the sample. If you have more sample mass in the tube you need more homogenizer beads. After you measure the mass of your samples, you can add beads on a mass ratio basis (sample mass to bead mass - Sm:Bm) or mass-volume basis (sample mass to bead volume - Sm:Bv).
Because they have different densities the mass ratio of samples to beads (Sm:Bm) varies by bead type. On a sample mass to bead volume basis (Sm:Bv), the difference in density is accounted for in the volume. For 1.0 mm or smaller beads, a bead spatula will hold about 50 µL of beads - this is a useful approximation for measuring by volume. If you find that measuring by volume causes inconsistency, then go back to measuring by mass.
Ratio
Type
| Ratio
Units
| Glass | Zirconium
Silicate
| Zirconium
Oxide
| Stainless
Steel
| Mass
| Sm:Bm
mg:mg
| 1:1 | 1:1.5
| 1:2
| 1:3
| Volume
| Sm:Bv
mg:mL | 1:1 | 1:1 | 1:1
| 1:1
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